The N600 claim comes from summing the speeds of the two concurrent but independent 300-mbps networks. The industry refers to this class of router as “N600,” but the term is misleading because it implies that routers in this class can stream data at 600 mbps. Many people use the 2.4GHz band for data and Internet access, and reserve the 5GHz band for streaming audio and video over their network. The 5GHz band boasts 23 nonoverlapping channels, so it’s significantly less crowded, but it provides much less range. The 2.4GHz band delivers better range–but since it provides only two nonoverlapping channels, and since so many routers have been deployed, the spectrum has become congested. Many lower-end consumer routers are dual-band models, capable of operating wireless networks on both the 2.4GHz frequency band and the 5GHz band. The industry refers to this class of router as “N300.” You’ll never see real-world performance that fast, however overhead, distance between the client and the router, and environmental factors can whack that number down. Most routers in this class have 2×2 antenna arrays (two transmit and two receive antennas), which are capable of handling two 150-megabits-per-second spatial streams (one on each antenna) for a total theoretical throughput of 300 mbps. Even better, all the essential features seem to be in place, including compatibility with the IEEE 802.11n wireless networking standard, a four-port ethernet switch, wireless encryption, and a built-in firewall.
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